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Science Museums in the Era of Digital Transformation
Mikko Myllykoski
Heureka, the Finnish Science Center,
CEO
»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇü °úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°üÀº ÀÚ¿¬ Çö»ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ¿¬°ú Á÷Á¢ ´ëȸ¦ ³ª´©´Â ÀåÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µðÁöÅÐ ¹®È°¡ ź»ýÇÏ¸é¼ ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» ±îµüÀÌ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Î ¼¼»ó ¸¸¹°À» Á¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÆÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°Ç µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¤º¸¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ°í °úÇÐÀ» Á¢ÇÏ´Â ±âÁ¸ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹æÇØÇϱ⵵ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. °úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°üÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß °ü°´ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϴ Ưº°ÇÑ °ø°£ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇϸ鼵µ º¯ÈÇÏ´Â µðÁöÅÐ ½Ã´ëÀÇ À¯Çà¿¡ µÚÃÄÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä? ¼º°øÀûÀÎ °úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°üµéÀº Á¶Á÷ Àüü¿¡¼ µðÁöÅÐ ¹æ½ÄÀ» µµÀÔÇÔÀ¸·Î½á µðÁöÅÐ ÀüȯÀ» ÀÌ·ð½À´Ï´Ù. »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ »ç¶÷°ú »ç¶÷ »çÀÌÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÌÁö¸¸, µðÁöÅÐ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÅëÇØ À̸¦ Áö¿øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ÇɶõµåÀÇ °úÇÐ ¼¾ÅÍÀÎ Çì¿ì·¹Ä«(Heureka)°¡ µðÁöÅÐ ÀüȯÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô °ü°´À» ´õ Àß ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ´õ ³ªÀº ¼ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¸»¾¸µå¸± °Ì´Ï´Ù. ¡®µðÁöÅÐÈ¡¯´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¼û ½¬´Â °Í¸¸Å ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿öÁ®¼, 2023³â µé¾î ÀúÈñ´Â Àü·«¿¡¼ ÀÌ ¸»À» ¾Æ¿¹ »© ¹ö·È½À´Ï´Ù.
Mikko Myllykoski
Heureka, the Finnish Science Center,
CEO
Mikko Myllykoski ¼®»ç(1963»ý)´Â Çɶõµå °úÇÐ ¼¾ÅÍ Çì¿ì·¹Ä«(Heureka)ÀÇ CEOÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Myllykoski´Â Á¤±Ô ±³À° °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ£ ¿ª»çÇÐÀÚÀ̸ç 1990³âºÎÅÍ ´Ù°¨°¢ °úÇÐ È°µ¿ ¹æ¸é¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ¸é¼ Àü½Ã Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ, ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® °ü¸®ÀÚ, ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÀÛ°¡, ±âȹ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ, °æÇè °¨µ¶ µîÀ» ¿ªÀÓÇÏ´Ù 2020³âºÎÅÍ CEO¸¦ ¸Ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Çɶõµå¿¡¼ Çì¿ì·¹Ä«´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Àå ¹Ï°í Áñ±â´Â ¿©°¡ ½Ã¼³·Î¼ 550¸¸ ¸íÀÇ Àα¸ Áß 30¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ¸Å³â ÀÌ°÷À» ã½À´Ï´Ù.
Mikko Myllykoski´Â ASTC¿Í ECSITEÀÇ ÄÁÆÛ·±½º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ À§¿øȸ À§¿øÀå, ±×¸®°í ECSITE À§¿øȸÀÇ À§¿øÀåÀ» ¸ÃÀº °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2014³âºÎÅÍ 2016³â±îÁö´Â Çɶõµå °úÇÐ ÆíÁýÀÎ ¹× ¾ð·ÐÀÎ Çùȸ(Finnish Association for Science Editors and Journalists)ÀÇ ÀÇÀåÀ» ¸Ã±âµµ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â Çɶõµå °úÇÐ ¼¾ÅÍ Çùȸ(Finnish Science Centre Association)ÀÇ ÀÇÀåÀ» ¸Ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2023³â¿£ ¼¼°è ¿©¼¸ °³ Áö¿ª °úÇÐ È°µ¿ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â, °úÇÐ È°µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦ °üÀå Æ÷·³(International Directors Forum on Science Engagement)À» Çì¿ì·¹Ä«¿¡¼ óÀ½À¸·Î ¿¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
Myllykoski´Â 1996³âºÎÅÍ 1998³â »çÀÌ À¯·´ Àüü¸¦ µ¹¸ç Àü½ÃµÈ ¡°Nordic Explorers¡± Àü½Ãȸ·Î State Prize for InformationÀ» ¼ö»óÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¹®È, ¿ª»ç, ¿¹¼ú, ¹Ú¹°°üÇÐ, °úÇÐ È°µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¥À» ³»±âµµ ÇßÁÒ. 2014³â¿£ ¡°Heureka Goes Crazy¡± Àü½Ãȸ·Î Çì¿ì·¹Ä«¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇØ Roy L. Shafer Leading Edge Award for Visitor Experience¸¦ ¼ö»óÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
Çì¿ì·¹Ä«ÀÇ Àü½Ãȸ´Â Àü ¼¼°è¸¦ µ¹¸ç Àü½ÃµÇ¸ç 4°³ ´ë·ú 25°³ ±¹°¡¿¡¼ 3õ¸¸ ¸í ÀÌ»óÀÌ °ü¶÷Çß½À´Ï´Ù.
Digital Technologies as an Integral part of Science Museum Work - from Tools for Better Education and Explanation of Scientific Principles to the Question of What to do with AI
Ondřej Dostál
National Technical Museum,
Director
°úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°üÀº ¹Ú¹°°ü ¼¼°è¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ À§Ä¡¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼¼°è´Â ÇãÀ§ Á¤º¸°¡ ÆÇÀ» Ä¡°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °úÇÐÀº ¼¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ´ã´çÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⿡, ÀÌ·± ¼¼Å ¼Ó¿¡¼ °úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°üÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇØÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. µðÁöÅÐ ±â¼úÀº ³× °¡Áö ±âº» ´Ü°è¿¡¼ °úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°üÀÇ ¾÷¹«¿¡ µµÀԵǸç, ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è´Â ±â¼úÀÌ ¼¼°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» Àú·ÅÇÏ°í ±³À°ÀûÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ±³À° ´Ü°èÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
µÎ ¹ø° ´Ü°è´Â ¼ÒÀåÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, ¹Ì·¡ ¼¼´ë¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹°Ç°ÀÌ ÀûÀýÈ÷ °ü¸®µÇ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö °¨µ¶ÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù.
¼¼ ¹ø° ±â¼ú ´Ü°è´Â Áö¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÑ °³¹ß, ÀÚ»ê °ü¸®¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°è´Â Á¶Á÷À» ½ÇÁ¦·Î ´õ Àß °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ü°è´Â °úÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°üÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä È°µ¿ ´Ü°è¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, °¢°¢Àº ´õ¿í ¼¼ºÐÈÇÏ¿© ³íÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ¸ðµç Ç׸ñÀº ¸ðµç È°µ¿ ´Ü°èÀÇ ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» ±Ø´ëÈÇÏ´Â AI¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µµÀԵ˴ϴÙ. AI´Â Àü½Ã³ª ¹ßÇ¥ÀÇ ´Ü°è »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¶Á÷ °ü¸®¿¡µµ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª À̸¦ È°¿ëÇÒ ºÎ¹®Àº ¹«±Ã¹«ÁøÇϱ⿡, AI¸¦ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡´Â ¿ì¸® Àڽſ¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Ondřej Dostál
National Technical Museum,
Director
¸¶»ç¸®Å© ´ëÇб³(üÄÚ °øȱ¹)¿¡¼ °í»ý¹°ÇÐ Àü°øÀ¸·Î ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ÃëµæÇß½À´Ï´Ù. 2007³âºÎÅÍ 2018³â±îÁö ºê¸£³ë¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸àµ¨ ¹Ú¹°°ü(Mendel Museum)ÀÇ °üÀåÀ» Áö³Â½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¹°í¾î ¸àµ¨ ź»ý 190ÁÖ³â, °ÀÇ 150ÁÖ³âÀ» ±â³äÇÏ´Â ÃàÇÏ Çà»ç¸¦ ±âȹÇßÀ¸¸ç ±× Áß¿£ ¹Ì±¹, ½½·Îº£´Ï¾Æ, ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿Í ´ë¸¸¿¡¼ ¿¸° ±¹Á¦ Àü½Ãȸµµ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. üÄÚ °øȱ¹ ±¹³»¿Ü¿¡¼ ¸àµ¨¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÀǸ¦ ÁøÇàÇß½À´Ï´Ù(¿¹: ºô¶ó³ë¹Ù ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¡®¸àµ¨ÀÇ ³¯(Mednel's Days)¡¯). 2015³âºÎÅÍ 2017³â »çÀÌ¿£ üÄÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 300°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹Ú¹°°ü°ú ȶûÀ» ´ëÇ¥Çϴ üÄÚ °øȱ¹ ¹Ú¹°°ü ¹× ȶû Çùȸ(Association of Museums and Galleries of the Czech Republic)ÀÇ È¸ÀåÀ» Áö³Â½À´Ï´Ù. °úÇÐ ´ëÁßÈ¿¡ ÁýÁßÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ °ø·Î·Î 2016³â Prize of the Chairman of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 2µî»ó, NF Neuron »óÀ» ¼ö»óÇß½À´Ï´Ù. IC Taiwan Àü½Ã¿¡¼ üÄÚ Ãø Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ¸¦ ¸Ã¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. 2018³â°ú 2019³â¿£ ´ë¸¸ ŸÀ̳¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¹¸³¼º°ø´ëÇÐÀÇ ´ëÇÐ ¹Ú¹°°ü¿¡¼ ÀÏÇß½À´Ï´Ù. 2022³â¿¡´Â ÇÁ¶óÇÏ¿¡¼ ¿¸° ICOM 2022 General Conference¿¡¼ Áö¼Ó °¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åä·ÐÀÇ Âü°¡ÀÚ·Î Âü¿©Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¿¸®¾î Àü¹Ý¿¡¼ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Å±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ Àü½Ã¿Í »ó¼³ Àü½Ã(¡®Mendel the Story of a Humble Genius¡¯ µî)¸¦ ¼ö½Ê °³ ±âȹÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ¶óÇÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¹¸³ ±â¼ú ¹Ú¹°°ü(National Technical Museum)¿¡¼´Â °úÇÐ À§¿øȸ ¹× Àü½Ã À§¿øȸ, ±¹¸³ ¹Ú¹°°ü(National Museum)¿¡¼´Â Àü½Ã À§¿øȸÀÇ À§¿øÀ¸·Î È°µ¿ÇØ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â ±¹¸³ ±â¼ú ¹Ú¹°°ü¿¡¼ ±¹Á¦ Çù·ÂÀ» ÃÑ°ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¾ß ¹× ±â°üÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÑ Á¦ÈÞ °ü°è, ±×¸®°í ±³À°°ú »ó½ÄÀÇ ÀüÆÄ¿¡¼ ¹Ú¹°°üÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Museums on the Verge of a Change: New Competencies for Museum Workers
Alexandre Matos
Sistemas do Futuro, Lda.,
Director
¹Ú¹°°üÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â º¯È¿Í ÀûÀÀÀÇ ½Ã±â¸¦ ¸¶ÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °ü°´ÀÌ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ º¯ÈÇÏ´Â ÇèÇÑ ¼¼»óÀ» »ì¾Æ°¡¸é¼ ºÎµúÈ÷´Â ³°ü¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â »õ ±â¼ú, µµ±¸, ¹ß»ó°ú ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¸ÅÀÏ ¸¶ÁÖÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¹Ú¹°°ü ¹Ì·¡ ¿¬±¸¼¾ÅÍ(Center for the Future of Museums)¿¡¼´Â ¸Å³â TrendsWatch¸¦ ¹ß°£ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. CFM¿¡¼ ³»´Â ÀÌ ¿¬°£ Àü¸Á º¸°í¼´Â °¢ ¹Ú¹°°ü¿¡¼ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¡°Áö³ 3³â °£ °ÞÀº ÆÄÇà ¿î¿µÀ» ´õ ³´°í, ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̸ç źźÇÑ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³ª°¡´Â ±âȸ·Î »ïÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¡±(Centre for the Future of Museums, 2024) ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³°üÀ» ºÐ°£ÇÏ°í ÀÌÇØÇϸç, À̸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹ß»ó°ú Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Â µ¥µµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁÒ.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Á÷Àå, µðÁöÅÐ Çõ¸í, ¸ÞŸ¹ö½º, À¥ 3.0, ¹®ÈÀç ¹Ýȯ°ú ¼ÕÇØ ¹è»ó µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ·Á¸é ±âÁ¸°ú ´Ù¸¥, ´õ¿í Á¤º¸¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, ÀÌ´Â ¹Ú¹°°ü Á÷¿øÀÌ ¿©·¯ »õ·Î¿î ´É·ÂÀ» °®Ãç¾ß¸¸ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® Mu.SA(Museum Sector Alliance)´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´É·Â(ÁÖ·Î µðÁöÅÐ ¹× Àü¼ö °¡´ÉÇÑ ´É·Â)À» °®Ãß´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇßÁö¸¸ ¹Ú¹°°ü ¼½ÅÍ´Â Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö ã°í, ¹Ú¹°°ü°ú ¹Ú¹°°ü Á÷¿øÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç׸ñÀ» °®Ãá »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ½´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» Á¦ÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥¿¡¼´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â º¯È°¡ °¡Á®¿Â ¸î °¡Áö ³°üÀ» ÁöÀûÇÏ°í, ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸î¸î »õ·Î¿î ´É·ÂÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸°í, ¿ì¸®°¡ °øµ¿Ã¼·Î¼ À̸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Alexandre Matos
Sistemas do Futuro, Lda.,
Director
Alexandre Matos´Â Æ÷¸£Åõ ´ëÇÐ(Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥)¿¡¼ ¹Ú¹°°üÇÐ ¼®»ç ¹× ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ÃëµæÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â Sistemas do Futuro, Lda.¿¡¼ ¿¬±¸ ¹× ±³À° ºÎ¼ÀåÀ» ¸Ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Mu.SA(Museum Sector Alliance) ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡¼´Â ICOM PortugalÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® °ü¸®ÀÚ¸¦ Áö³ÂÀ¸¸ç, CITCEM(Transdisciplinary Research Center for Culture, Space and Memory)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿øÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ°í, CIDOC À§¿øȸÀÇ ÆíÁýÀÚ¸¦ ¸Ã±âµµ Çß½À´Ï´Ù.
SPECTRUM PT ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øÀ̸ç Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥¾î±Ç¿¡¼ SPECTRUM µµÀÔÀ» °·ÂÈ÷ ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â Àü½Ã ¹× °ø¿¬ ¹®¼È(Exhibition and Performance Documentation)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ CIDOC ½Ç¹«´ÜÀÇ ´ÜÀåÀ» ¸Ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Ç×»ó ¹Ú¹°°üÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϱä ÇßÁö¸¸, Á¤¸»·Î »ç¶û¿¡ ºüÁø °Ç ¹Ú¹°°ü¿¡¼ óÀ½ ÀÏÇغ¸°í ÃÊ»óÈó·³ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¹°°Çµµ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î À̾߱ê°Å¸®°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °É ±ú´ÞÀº ¼ø°£À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ú¹°°ü ¹®¼È ¾÷¹«¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Ç ÀÌ°Ô ÀÌ·± À̾߱⸦ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â »óÅ·ΠÀ¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï±â ¶§¹®ÀÌÁÒ.
Mouseion¿¡¼ ¿©±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾´ ±ÛÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.